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A Refusal Is Only One Turn: PsychJail Tests Safety Under Adaptive Persuasion

TL;DR for operators A model that refuses a harmful request once has demonstrated one response under one conversational strategy. That is weaker evidence than it may appear. In the experiments behind PsychJail,1 successful attacks were strongly front-loaded: the median successful turn was 1 for all four tested victim models, while the mean successful turn ranged only from 1.20 to 1.37. Many failures therefore did not require a long campaign of conversational erosion. They appeared as soon as the attacker found a more effective way to frame the interaction. ...

September 21, 2026 · 7 min · Zelina