Hardware-Co-Design

TL;DR for operators Suppose a team has already bought the cluster time: 32 B200 nodes for 20 days. It might seem sensible to prefer the sparse-MoE design that manages to execute the most model FLOPs during that window. In the paper’s reported search, that rule would pick the wrong configuration. The loss-optimal candidate uses about $1.23\times10^{23}$ model FLOPs—roughly 36% fewer than the candidate that realizes about $1.94\times10^{23}$—yet reaches the lower predicted loss. ...

Errors are expensive. That is the boring sentence underneath most quantum computing roadmaps. A physical qubit is noisy, so engineers encode one logical qubit into many physical qubits. If the target computation is large enough, the redundancy becomes enormous. Then the spreadsheet starts doing what spreadsheets do best: quietly turning physics into capital expenditure. ...