TL;DR for operators A policy, prompt, adapter, steering vector, or internal patch can make a model look more orderly. That does not mean it controls the model. The paper’s central distinction is brutal and useful: order is visible structure; control is validated movement through the right receiver under the right conditions, with side effects bounded.1 ...
Dashboards are where good intentions go to look responsible. A company launches an AI triage assistant, lending model, recommender, or eligibility system. The governance slide deck is very respectable. Fairness is mentioned. Transparency is mentioned. Human oversight is mentioned, usually beside a tasteful icon of a person holding a clipboard. Everyone nods. Six months later, users have learned to rubber-stamp the recommendation, one subgroup’s error rate has drifted, appeals are piling up, and nobody can say whether the system is still operating inside the boundaries that were promised at launch. ...