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No More Bit-Length Anxiety: Policy Iteration Goes Strongly Polynomial

Risk has a habit of entering business systems through small numbers. A transition probability is estimated from limited data. A demand forecast has a confidence band. A robot’s next state is not exactly known. A credit, logistics, or inventory model says, “Here is the most likely transition matrix,” and then reality replies, with admirable lack of manners, “Cute.” ...

February 3, 2026 · 16 min · Zelina