AI Governance

Opening — Why this matters now For years, AI for Science has celebrated isolated breakthroughs: a protein folded faster, a material screened earlier, a simulation accelerated. Impressive—yet strangely unsatisfying. Real science does not happen in single model calls. It unfolds across reading, computing, experimentation, validation, revision, and institutional memory. The uncomfortable truth is this: as AI accelerates scientific output, it is quietly breaking the human systems meant to verify it. Peer review strains. Reproducibility weakens. “It worked once” becomes the dominant success metric. ...

Opening — Why this matters now Automation in healthcare has a credibility problem. Not because it performs poorly—but because it rarely explains why it does what it does. In high-stakes domains like radiation oncology, that opacity isn’t an inconvenience; it’s a blocker. Regulators demand traceability. Clinicians demand trust. And black-box optimization, however accurate, keeps failing both. ...

Opening — Why this matters now AI in medicine has spent years stuck in a familiar loop: impressive demos, retrospective benchmarks, and very little proof that any of it survives first contact with clinical reality. Radiology, in particular, has been flooded with models that look brilliant on paper and quietly disappear when workflow friction, hardware constraints, and human trust enter the room. ...

Opening — Why this matters now Healthcare AI has entered its foundation model phase. LLMs trained on trillions of tokens are being casually proposed for everything from triage to prognosis, often with an implicit assumption: bigger models must understand patients better. This paper quietly punctures that assumption. By benchmarking LLMs against smaller, task‑focused language models (SLMs) on shock prediction in ICUs, the authors confront a question most vendors avoid: Do LLMs actually predict future clinical deterioration better—or do they merely sound more convincing? ...

Opening — Why this matters now Industrial digital twins have quietly become the backbone of modern manufacturing optimization—until you try to build one. What should be a faithful virtual mirror of a factory floor too often devolves into weeks of manual object placement, parameter tuning, and brittle scripting. At a time when generative AI is promising faster, cheaper, and more adaptive systems, digital twins have remained stubbornly artisanal. ...

Opening — Why this matters now Embodied AI has learned how to move. It has learned how to listen. It has even learned how to respond. But when it comes to learning how to feel, most systems quietly panic the moment the world changes. Robots trained to walk sadly forget how to do so once they start running. Avatars that learned exaggerated emotion on stage lose subtlety in sports. This isn’t a bug—it’s the inevitable outcome of static datasets colliding with a dynamic world. ...

Opening — Why this matters now Reinforcement learning keeps winning benchmarks, but keeps losing the same argument: it doesn’t generalize. Train it here, deploy it there, and watch confidence evaporate. Meanwhile, classical planning—decidedly uncool but stubbornly correct—has been quietly producing policies that provably work across arbitrarily large problem instances. This paper asks the uncomfortable question the RL community often dodges: can modern policy-gradient methods actually learn general policies, not just big ones? ...

Opening — Why this matters now For years, we have comforted ourselves with a tidy distinction: models generalize, databases memorize. Recent research quietly dismantles that boundary. As LLMs scale, memorization is no longer an edge case—it becomes a structural property. That matters if you care about data leakage, IP exposure, or regulatory surprises arriving late but billing retroactively. ...

Opening — Why this matters now Clinical AI has entered an uncomfortable phase of maturity. Models are no longer failing loudly; they are failing quietly. They produce fluent answers, pass public benchmarks, and even outperform physicians on narrowly defined tasks — until you look closely at what those benchmarks are actually measuring. The paper at hand dissects one such case: MedCalc-Bench, the de‑facto evaluation standard for automated medical risk-score computation. The uncomfortable conclusion is simple: when benchmarks are treated as static truth, they slowly drift away from clinical reality — and when those same labels are reused as reinforcement-learning rewards, that drift actively teaches models the wrong thing. ...

Opening — Why this matters now Large Language Models have already proven they can talk science. The harder question is whether they can do science—reliably, repeatably, and without a human standing by to fix their mistakes. Nowhere is this tension clearer than in computational materials science, where one incorrect parameter silently poisons an entire simulation chain. ...