Cognaptus Academy Research Reference

LitXR Research Anchors

Data-driven leaderboards of recurrent anchors in the local LitXR corpus, separated by reference role and rendered from a locally generated evidence file.

Generated 2026-08-18 02:46:42 UTC Schema 1 Metric: distinct_source_anchor_count Source store: index/literature_anchor_edges.fst
Local source papers
2504
Anchor edges
5392
High confidence
5299
Medium / low
92 / 1

Metric Boundary

Recurrent anchors in the local LitXR corpus

Number of distinct locally digested source papers that select a reference as an anchor.

This is not a global citation count or graph-centrality measure. It describes recurrence within the local LitXR digest corpus only.

Local LitXR digest corpus; not a global citation index.

Use this page to inspect which references recur across locally digested source papers and the anchor roles assigned by the LitXR workflow. It is a research-reference surface, not an Academy lesson or a global citation ranking.

Local Leaderboard

Foundational and Methodological Anchors

Included roles: methodological_foundation, theoretical_foundation

Rank Reference Distinct local sources Anchor roles Evidence
1 Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms 1707.06347 John Schulman, Filip Wolski, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alec Radford, Oleg Klimov · 2017 44
  • Methodological foundation: 44
 44 edges H 44 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 3
  • Builds on: 35
  • Compares with: 1
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 3
2 ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models 2210.03629 Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik Narasimhan, Yuan Cao · 2022 42
  • Methodological foundation: 42
 42 edges H 42 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 4
  • Builds on: 26
  • Extends: 3
  • Uses as context: 9
3 LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models 2106.09685 Edward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, Weizhu Chen · 2021 34
  • Methodological foundation: 34
 34 edges H 34 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 4
  • Builds on: 28
  • Extends: 2
4 Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model 2305.18290 Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Stefano Ermon, Christopher D. Manning, Chelsea Finn · 2023 26
  • Methodological foundation: 26
 26 edges H 26 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 16
  • Extends: 9
5 Attention Is All You Need 1706.03762 Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin · 2017 25
  • Methodological foundation: 24
  • Theoretical foundation: 1
 25 edges H 25 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 19
  • Uses as context: 6
6 DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models 2402.03300 Zhihong Shao, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, Junxiao Song, Xiao Bi, Haowei Zhang, Mingchuan Zhang, Y. K. Li, Y. Wu, Daya Guo · 2024 23
  • Methodological foundation: 23
 23 edges H 22 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 2
  • Builds on: 16
  • Extends: 5
7 Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models 2201.11903 Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc Le, Denny Zhou · 2022 21
  • Methodological foundation: 21
 21 edges H 21 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 9
  • Extends: 7
  • Uses as context: 5
8 Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network 1503.02531 Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, Jeff Dean · 2015 18
  • Methodological foundation: 18
 18 edges H 18 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 15
  • Extends: 2
9 Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks 2005.11401 Patrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni, Vladimir Karpukhin, Naman Goyal, Heinrich K<U+00FC>ttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rockt<U+00E4>schel, Sebastian Riedel, Douwe Kiela · 2020 15
  • Methodological foundation: 15
 15 edges H 15 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 9
  • Extends: 5
  • Uses as context: 1
10 Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer 1701.06538 Noam Shazeer, Azalia Mirhoseini, Krzysztof Maziarz, Andy Davis, Quoc Le, Geoffrey Hinton, Jeff Dean · 2017 13
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 13 edges H 13 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 10
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 1
11 BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding 1810.04805 Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova · 2018 13
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 13 edges H 12 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 10
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 1
12 FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Models 1908.10063 Dogu Araci · 2019 13
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 13 edges H 12 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 11
  • Uses as context: 2
13 Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback 2203.02155 Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, Ryan Lowe · 2022 13
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 13 edges H 13 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 10
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 1
14 Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models 2203.15556 Jordan Hoffmann, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Elena Buchatskaya, Trevor Cai, Eliza Rutherford, Diego de Las Casas, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Johannes Welbl, Aidan Clark, Tom Hennigan, Eric Noland, Katie Millican, George van den Driessche, Bogdan Damoc, Aurelia Guy, Simon Osindero, Karen Simonyan, Erich Elsen, Jack W. Rae, Oriol Vinyals, Laurent Sifre · 2022 12
  • Methodological foundation: 11
  • Theoretical foundation: 1
 12 edges H 12 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 6
  • Extends: 5
  • Uses as context: 1
15 Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models 2001.08361 Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Dario Amodei · 2020 10
  • Methodological foundation: 10
 10 edges H 10 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 6
  • Extends: 4
16 QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs 2305.14314 Tim Dettmers, Artidoro Pagnoni, Ari Holtzman, Luke Zettlemoyer · 2023 10
  • Methodological foundation: 10
 10 edges H 10 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 2
  • Builds on: 4
  • Extends: 3
  • Uses as context: 1
17 Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code 2107.03374 Mark Chen, Jerry Tworek, Heewoo Jun, Qiming Yuan, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto, Jared Kaplan, Harri Edwards, Yuri Burda, Nicholas Joseph, Greg Brockman, Alex Ray, Raul Puri, Gretchen Krueger, Michael Petrov, Heidy Khlaaf, Girish Sastry, Pamela Mishkin, Brooke Chan, Scott Gray, Nick Ryder, Mikhail Pavlov, Alethea Power, Lukasz Kaiser, Mohammad Bavarian, Clemens Winter, Philippe Tillet, Felipe Petroski Such, Dave Cummings, Matthias Plappert, Fotios Chantzis, Elizabeth Barnes, Ariel Herbert-Voss, William Hebgen Guss, Alex Nichol, Alex Paino, Nikolas Tezak, Jie Tang, Igor Babuschkin, Suchir Balaji, Shantanu Jain, William Saunders, Christopher Hesse, Andrew N. Carr, Jan Leike, Josh Achiam, Vedant Misra, Evan Morikawa, Alec Radford, Matthew Knight, Miles Brundage, Mira Murati, Katie Mayer, Peter Welinder, Bob McGrew, Dario Amodei, Sam McCandlish, Ilya Sutskever, Wojciech Zaremba · 2021 9
  • Methodological foundation: 9
 9 edges H 8 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 7
  • Extends: 1
18 AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation 2308.08155 Qingyun Wu, Gagan Bansal, Jieyu Zhang, Yiran Wu, Beibin Li, Erkang Zhu, Li Jiang, Xiaoyun Zhang, Shaokun Zhang, Jiale Liu, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Ryen W White, Doug Burger, Chi Wang · 2023 9
  • Methodological foundation: 9
 9 edges H 9 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 6
  • Uses as context: 3
19 Long Short-Term Memory 10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 Sepp Hochreiter, J<U+00FC>rgen Schmidhuber · 1997 8
  • Methodological foundation: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 8
20 Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learning 1312.5602 Volodymyr Mnih, Koray Kavukcuoglu, David Silver, Alex Graves, Ioannis Antonoglou, Daan Wierstra, Martin Riedmiller · 2013 8
  • Methodological foundation: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 8
21 A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for the Financial Portfolio Management Problem 1706.10059 Zhengyao Jiang, Dixing Xu, Jinjun Liang · 2017 8
  • Methodological foundation: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 6
  • Extends: 2
22 Language Models are Few-Shot Learners 2005.14165 Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, Dario Amodei · 2020 8
  • Methodological foundation: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 7
  • Uses as context: 1
23 Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning 1509.02971 Timothy P. Lillicrap, Jonathan J. Hunt, Alexander Pritzel, Nicolas Heess, Tom Erez, Yuval Tassa, David Silver, Daan Wierstra · 2015 7
  • Methodological foundation: 7
 7 edges H 6 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 5
  • Extends: 2
24 Uncertainty Estimation in Autoregressive Structured Prediction 2002.07650 Andrey Malinin, Mark Gales · 2020 6
  • Methodological foundation: 6
 6 edges H 5 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 3
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 1
25 Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners 2111.06377 Kaiming He, Xinlei Chen, Saining Xie, Yanghao Li, Piotr Doll<U+00E1>r, Ross Girshick · 2021 6
  • Methodological foundation: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 4
  • Extends: 2

Local Leaderboard

Benchmark and Comparison Anchors

Included roles: empirical_benchmark, main_comparison

Rank Reference Distinct local sources Anchor roles Evidence
1 SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues? 2310.06770 Carlos E. Jimenez, John Yang, Alexander Wettig, Shunyu Yao, Kexin Pei, Ofir Press, Karthik Narasimhan · 2023 26
  • Empirical benchmark: 1
  • Main comparison: 25
 26 edges H 26 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Compares with: 12
  • Extends: 7
  • Uses as context: 6
2 A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for the Financial Portfolio Management Problem 1706.10059 Zhengyao Jiang, Dixing Xu, Jinjun Liang · 2017 10
  • Main comparison: 10
 10 edges H 10 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 4
  • Extends: 4
  • Uses as context: 2
3 Language Models are Few-Shot Learners 2005.14165 Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, Dario Amodei · 2020 10
  • Empirical benchmark: 1
  • Main comparison: 9
 10 edges H 10 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Compares with: 8
  • Uses as context: 1
4 Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity 2101.03961 William Fedus, Barret Zoph, Noam Shazeer · 2021 10
  • Main comparison: 10
 10 edges H 10 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Compares with: 7
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 1
5 Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms 1707.06347 John Schulman, Filip Wolski, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alec Radford, Oleg Klimov · 2017 9
  • Main comparison: 9
 9 edges H 9 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 9
6 Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model 2305.18290 Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Stefano Ermon, Christopher D. Manning, Chelsea Finn · 2023 9
  • Main comparison: 9
 9 edges H 9 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 5
  • Extends: 4
7 ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs 2307.16789 Yujia Qin, Shihao Liang, Yining Ye, Kunlun Zhu, Lan Yan, Yaxi Lu, Yankai Lin, Xin Cong, Xiangru Tang, Bill Qian, Sihan Zhao, Lauren Hong, Runchu Tian, Ruobing Xie, Jie Zhou, Mark Gerstein, Dahai Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun · 2023 9
  • Main comparison: 9
 9 edges H 9 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Compares with: 7
  • Uses as context: 1
8 TradingAgents: Multi-Agents LLM Financial Trading Framework 2412.20138 Yijia Xiao, Edward Sun, Di Luo, Wei Wang · 2024 9
  • Main comparison: 9
 9 edges H 9 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 7
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 1
9 Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback 2203.02155 Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, Ryan Lowe · 2022 8
  • Main comparison: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 6
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 1
10 BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance 2303.17564 Shijie Wu, Ozan Irsoy, Steven Lu, Vadim Dabravolski, Mark Dredze, Sebastian Gehrmann, Prabhanjan Kambadur, David Rosenberg, Gideon Mann · 2023 8
  • Main comparison: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 7
  • Uses as context: 1
11 SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering 2405.15793 John Yang, Carlos E. Jimenez, Alexander Wettig, Kilian Lieret, Shunyu Yao, Karthik Narasimhan, Ofir Press · 2024 8
  • Main comparison: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Compares with: 6
  • Extends: 1
12 Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems 2110.14168 Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, John Schulman · 2021 7
  • Empirical benchmark: 1
  • Main comparison: 6
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Compares with: 4
  • Uses as context: 2
13 Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback 2303.17651 Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan, Luyu Gao, Sarah Wiegreffe, Uri Alon, Nouha Dziri, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Yiming Yang, Shashank Gupta, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Katherine Hermann, Sean Welleck, Amir Yazdanbakhsh, Peter Clark · 2023 7
  • Main comparison: 7
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 6
  • Extends: 1
14 API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMs 2304.08244 Minghao Li, Yingxiu Zhao, Bowen Yu, Feifan Song, Hangyu Li, Haiyang Yu, Zhoujun Li, Fei Huang, Yongbin Li · 2023 7
  • Empirical benchmark: 2
  • Main comparison: 5
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 4
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 2
15 PIXIU: A Large Language Model, Instruction Data and Evaluation Benchmark for Finance 2306.05443 Qianqian Xie, Weiguang Han, Xiao Zhang, Yanzhao Lai, Min Peng, Alejandro Lopez-Lira, Jimin Huang · 2023 7
  • Main comparison: 7
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 4
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 2
16 AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation 2308.08155 Qingyun Wu, Gagan Bansal, Jieyu Zhang, Yiran Wu, Beibin Li, Erkang Zhu, Li Jiang, Xiaoyun Zhang, Shaokun Zhang, Jiale Liu, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Ryen W White, Doug Burger, Chi Wang · 2023 7
  • Main comparison: 7
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 6
  • Uses as context: 1
17 FinanceBench: A New Benchmark for Financial Question Answering 2311.11944 Pranab Islam, Anand Kannappan, Douwe Kiela, Rebecca Qian, Nino Scherrer, Bertie Vidgen · 2023 7
  • Main comparison: 7
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 3
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 3
18 DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning 2501.12948 DeepSeek-AI, Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, Ruoyu Zhang, Shirong Ma, Xiao Bi, Xiaokang Zhang, Xingkai Yu, Yu Wu, Z. F. Wu, Zhibin Gou, Zhihong Shao, Zhuoshu Li, Ziyi Gao, Aixin Liu, Bing Xue, Bingxuan Wang, Bochao Wu, Bei Feng, Chengda Lu, Chenggang Zhao, Chengqi Deng, Chenyu Zhang, Chong Ruan, Damai Dai, Deli Chen, Dongjie Ji, Erhang Li, Fangyun Lin, Fucong Dai, Fuli Luo, Guangbo Hao, Guanting Chen, Guowei Li, H. Zhang, Han Bao, Hanwei Xu, Haocheng Wang, Honghui Ding, Huajian Xin, Huazuo Gao, Hui Qu, Hui Li, Jianzhong Guo, Jiashi Li, Jiawei Wang, Jingchang Chen, Jingyang Yuan, Junjie Qiu, Junlong Li, J. L. Cai, Jiaqi Ni, Jian Liang, Jin Chen, Kai Dong, Kai Hu, Kaige Gao, Kang Guan, Kexin Huang, Kuai Yu, Lean Wang, Lecong Zhang, Liang Zhao, Litong Wang, Liyue Zhang, Lei Xu, Leyi Xia, Mingchuan Zhang, Minghua Zhang, Minghui Tang, Meng Li, Miaojun Wang, Mingming Li, Ning Tian, Panpan Huang, Peng Zhang, Qiancheng Wang, Qinyu Chen, Qiushi Du, Ruiqi Ge, Ruisong Zhang, Ruizhe Pan, Runji Wang, R. J. Chen, R. L. Jin, Ruyi Chen, Shanghao Lu, Shangyan Zhou, Shanhuang Chen, Shengfeng Ye, Shiyu Wang, Shuiping Yu, Shunfeng Zhou, Shuting Pan, S. S. Li, Shuang Zhou, Shaoqing Wu, Shengfeng Ye, Tao Yun, Tian Pei, Tianyu Sun, T. Wang, Wangding Zeng, Wanjia Zhao, Wen Liu, Wenfeng Liang, Wenjun Gao, Wenqin Yu, Wentao Zhang, W. L. Xiao, Wei An, Xiaodong Liu, Xiaohan Wang, Xiaokang Chen, Xiaotao Nie, Xin Cheng, Xin Liu, Xin Xie, Xingchao Liu, Xinyu Yang, Xinyuan Li, Xuecheng Su, Xuheng Lin, X. Q. Li, Xiangyue Jin, Xiaojin Shen, Xiaosha Chen, Xiaowen Sun, Xiaoxiang Wang, Xinnan Song, Xinyi Zhou, Xianzu Wang, Xinxia Shan, Y. K. Li, Y. Q. Wang, Y. X. Wei, Yang Zhang, Yanhong Xu, Yao Li, Yao Zhao, Yaofeng Sun, Yaohui Wang, Yi Yu, Yichao Zhang, Yifan Shi, Yiliang Xiong, Ying He, Yishi Piao, Yisong Wang, Yixuan Tan, Yiyang Ma, Yiyuan Liu, Yongqiang Guo, Yuan Ou, Yuduan Wang, Yue Gong, Yuheng Zou, Yujia He, Yunfan Xiong, Yuxiang Luo, Yuxiang You, Yuxuan Liu, Yuyang Zhou, Y. X. Zhu, Yanhong Xu, Yanping Huang, Yaohui Li, Yi Zheng, Yuchen Zhu, Yunxian Ma, Ying Tang, Yukun Zha, Yuting Yan, Z. Z. Ren, Zehui Ren, Zhangli Sha, Zhe Fu, Zhean Xu, Zhenda Xie, Zhengyan Zhang, Zhewen Hao, Zhicheng Ma, Zhigang Yan, Zhiyu Wu, Zihui Gu, Zijia Zhu, Zijun Liu, Zilin Li, Ziwei Xie, Ziyang Song, Zizheng Pan, Zhen Huang, Zhipeng Xu, Zhongyu Zhang, Zhen Zhang · 2025 7
  • Main comparison: 7
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 4
  • Uses as context: 3
19 FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Models 1908.10063 Dogu Araci · 2019 6
  • Main comparison: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 6
20 GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding 2006.16668 Dmitry Lepikhin, HyoukJoong Lee, Yuanzhong Xu, Dehao Chen, Orhan Firat, Yanping Huang, Maxim Krikun, Noam Shazeer, Zhifeng Chen · 2020 6
  • Main comparison: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 3
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 2
21 ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models 2210.03629 Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik Narasimhan, Yuan Cao · 2022 6
  • Main comparison: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 6
22 FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance 2305.05176 Lingjiao Chen, Matei Zaharia, James Zou · 2023 6
  • Main comparison: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 3
  • Extends: 3
23 Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Models 2307.15043 Andy Zou, Zifan Wang, Nicholas Carlini, Milad Nasr, J. Zico Kolter, Matt Fredrikson · 2023 6
  • Empirical benchmark: 4
  • Main comparison: 2
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 2
  • Compares with: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
24 MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework 2308.00352 Sirui Hong, Mingchen Zhuge, Jiaqi Chen, Xiawu Zheng, Yuheng Cheng, Ceyao Zhang, Jinlin Wang, Zili Wang, Steven Ka Shing Yau, Zijuan Lin, Liyang Zhou, Chenyu Ran, Lingfeng Xiao, Chenglin Wu, J<U+00FC>rgen Schmidhuber · 2023 6
  • Main comparison: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 4
  • Uses as context: 2
25 AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents 2308.03688 Xiao Liu, Hao Yu, Hanchen Zhang, Yifan Xu, Xuanyu Lei, Hanyu Lai, Yu Gu, Hangliang Ding, Kaiwen Men, Kejuan Yang, Shudan Zhang, Xiang Deng, Aohan Zeng, Zhengxiao Du, Chenhui Zhang, Sheng Shen, Tianjun Zhang, Yu Su, Huan Sun, Minlie Huang, Yuxiao Dong, Jie Tang · 2023 6
  • Main comparison: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 3
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 2

Local Leaderboard

Conceptual and Review Anchors

Included roles: conceptual_foundation, review_anchor

Rank Reference Distinct local sources Anchor roles Evidence
1 Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models 2201.11903 Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc Le, Denny Zhou · 2022 18
  • Conceptual foundation: 18
 18 edges H 16 · M 2 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 7
  • Extends: 5
  • Uses as context: 6
2 On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models 2108.07258 Rishi Bommasani, Drew A. Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, Russ Altman, Simran Arora, Sydney von Arx, Michael S. Bernstein, Jeannette Bohg, Antoine Bosselut, Emma Brunskill, Erik Brynjolfsson, Shyamal Buch, Dallas Card, Rodrigo Castellon, Niladri Chatterji, Annie Chen, Kathleen Creel, Jared Quincy Davis, Dora Demszky, Chris Donahue, Moussa Doumbouya, Esin Durmus, Stefano Ermon, John Etchemendy, Kawin Ethayarajh, Li Fei-Fei, Chelsea Finn, Trevor Gale, Lauren Gillespie, Karan Goel, Noah Goodman, Shelby Grossman, Neel Guha, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Peter Henderson, John Hewitt, Daniel E. Ho, Jenny Hong, Kyle Hsu, Jing Huang, Thomas Icard, Saahil Jain, Dan Jurafsky, Pratyusha Kalluri, Siddharth Karamcheti, Geoff Keeling, Fereshte Khani, Omar Khattab, Pang Wei Koh, Mark Krass, Ranjay Krishna, Rohith Kuditipudi, Ananya Kumar, Faisal Ladhak, Mina Lee, Tony Lee, Jure Leskovec, Isabelle Levent, Xiang Lisa Li, Xuechen Li, Tengyu Ma, Ali Malik, Christopher D. Manning, Suvir Mirchandani, Eric Mitchell, Zanele Munyikwa, Suraj Nair, Avanika Narayan, Deepak Narayanan, Ben Newman, Allen Nie, Juan Carlos Niebles, Hamed Nilforoshan, Julian Nyarko, Giray Ogut, Laurel Orr, Isabel Papadimitriou, Joon Sung Park, Chris Piech, Eva Portelance, Christopher Potts, Aditi Raghunathan, Rob Reich, Hongyu Ren, Frieda Rong, Yusuf Roohani, Camilo Ruiz, Jack Ryan, Christopher R<U+00E9>, Dorsa Sadigh, Shiori Sagawa, Keshav Santhanam, Andy Shih, Krishnan Srinivasan, Alex Tamkin, Rohan Taori, Armin W. Thomas, Florian Tram<U+00E8>r, Rose E. Wang, William Wang, Bohan Wu, Jiajun Wu, Yuhuai Wu, Sang Michael Xie, Michihiro Yasunaga, Jiaxuan You, Matei Zaharia, Michael Zhang, Tianyi Zhang, Xikun Zhang, Yuhui Zhang, Lucia Zheng, Kaitlyn Zhou, Percy Liang · 2021 14
  • Conceptual foundation: 13
  • Review anchor: 1
 14 edges H 14 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 12
3 ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models 2210.03629 Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik Narasimhan, Yuan Cao · 2022 14
  • Conceptual foundation: 14
 14 edges H 12 · M 2 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 5
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 7
4 Language Models are Few-Shot Learners 2005.14165 Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, Dario Amodei · 2020 12
  • Conceptual foundation: 12
 12 edges H 12 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 3
  • Extends: 3
  • Uses as context: 6
5 The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey 2309.07864 Zhiheng Xi, Wenxiang Chen, Xin Guo, Wei He, Yiwen Ding, Boyang Hong, Ming Zhang, Junzhe Wang, Senjie Jin, Enyu Zhou, Rui Zheng, Xiaoran Fan, Xiao Wang, Limao Xiong, Yuhao Zhou, Weiran Wang, Changhao Jiang, Yicheng Zou, Xiangyang Liu, Zhangyue Yin, Shihan Dou, Rongxiang Weng, Wensen Cheng, Qi Zhang, Wenjuan Qin, Yongyan Zheng, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, Tao Gui · 2023 12
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
  • Review anchor: 8
 12 edges H 12 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 11
6 Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer 1701.06538 Noam Shazeer, Azalia Mirhoseini, Krzysztof Maziarz, Andy Davis, Quoc Le, Geoffrey Hinton, Jeff Dean · 2017 11
  • Conceptual foundation: 11
 11 edges H 10 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 8
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 2
7 A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents 2308.11432 Lei Wang, Chen Ma, Xueyang Feng, Zeyu Zhang, Hao Yang, Jingsen Zhang, Zhiyuan Chen, Jiakai Tang, Xu Chen, Yankai Lin, Wayne Xin Zhao, Zhewei Wei, Ji-Rong Wen · 2023 10
  • Conceptual foundation: 2
  • Review anchor: 8
 10 edges H 10 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 1
  • Extends: 4
  • Uses as context: 5
8 Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks 2005.11401 Patrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni, Vladimir Karpukhin, Naman Goyal, Heinrich K<U+00FC>ttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rockt<U+00E4>schel, Sebastian Riedel, Douwe Kiela · 2020 8
  • Conceptual foundation: 8
 8 edges H 8 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 3
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 4
9 Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models 2001.08361 Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Dario Amodei · 2020 7
  • Conceptual foundation: 7
 7 edges H 7 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Compares with: 2
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
10 Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback 2212.08073 Yuntao Bai, Saurav Kadavath, Sandipan Kundu, Amanda Askell, Jackson Kernion, Andy Jones, Anna Chen, Anna Goldie, Azalia Mirhoseini, Cameron McKinnon, Carol Chen, Catherine Olsson, Christopher Olah, Danny Hernandez, Dawn Drain, Deep Ganguli, Dustin Li, Eli Tran-Johnson, Ethan Perez, Jamie Kerr, Jared Mueller, Jeffrey Ladish, Joshua Landau, Kamal Ndousse, Kamile Lukosuite, Liane Lovitt, Michael Sellitto, Nelson Elhage, Nicholas Schiefer, Noemi Mercado, Nova DasSarma, Robert Lasenby, Robin Larson, Sam Ringer, Scott Johnston, Shauna Kravec, Sheer El Showk, Stanislav Fort, Tamera Lanham, Timothy Telleen-Lawton, Tom Conerly, Tom Henighan, Tristan Hume, Samuel R. Bowman, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Ben Mann, Dario Amodei, Nicholas Joseph, Sam McCandlish, Tom Brown, Jared Kaplan · 2022 6
  • Conceptual foundation: 6
 6 edges H 6 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 1
  • Critiques: 1
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
11 Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network 1503.02531 Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, Jeff Dean · 2015 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 5
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 3
  • Uses as context: 2
12 Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning 1702.08608 Finale Doshi-Velez, Been Kim · 2017 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
  • Review anchor: 1
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 2
  • Compares with: 1
  • Uses as context: 2
13 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, Taxonomies, Opportunities and Challenges toward Responsible AI 1910.10045 Alejandro Barredo Arrieta, Natalia D<U+00ED>az-Rodr<U+00ED>guez, Javier Del Ser, Adrien Bennetot, Siham Tabik, Alberto Barbado, Salvador Garc<U+00ED>a, Sergio Gil-L<U+00F3>pez, Daniel Molina, Richard Benjamins, Raja Chatila, Francisco Herrera · 2019 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
  • Review anchor: 1
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 1
  • Uses as context: 4
14 Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback 2203.02155 Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, Ryan Lowe · 2022 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 5
 5 edges H 4 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 2
  • Uses as context: 3
15 Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injection 2302.12173 Kai Greshake, Sahar Abdelnabi, Shailesh Mishra, Christoph Endres, Thorsten Holz, Mario Fritz · 2023 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 5
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 4
16 MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems 2310.08560 Charles Packer, Sarah Wooders, Kevin Lin, Vivian Fang, Shishir G. Patil, Ion Stoica, Joseph E. Gonzalez · 2023 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 5
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 2
  • Uses as context: 3
17 Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Survey 2312.10997 Yunfan Gao, Yun Xiong, Xinyu Gao, Kangxiang Jia, Jinliu Pan, Yuxi Bi, Yi Dai, Jiawei Sun, Meng Wang, Haofen Wang · 2023 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 2
  • Review anchor: 3
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
18 Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challenges 2402.01680 Taicheng Guo, Xiuying Chen, Yaqi Wang, Ruidi Chang, Shichao Pei, Nitesh V. Chawla, Olaf Wiest, Xiangliang Zhang · 2024 5
  • Review anchor: 5
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Compares with: 1
  • Uses as context: 4
19 Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters 2408.03314 Charlie Snell, Jaehoon Lee, Kelvin Xu, Aviral Kumar · 2024 5
  • Conceptual foundation: 5
 5 edges H 5 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Uses as context: 5
20 Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation 10.1145/3571730 Ziwei Ji, Nayeon Lee, Rita Frieske, Tiezheng Yu, Dan Su, Yan Xu, Etsuko Ishii, Ye Jin Bang, Andrea Madotto, Pascale Fung · 2023 4
  • Conceptual foundation: 2
  • Review anchor: 2
 4 edges H 4 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 2
21 BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding 1810.04805 Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova · 2018 4
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
 4 edges H 4 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 2
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 1
22 Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback 2204.05862 Yuntao Bai, Andy Jones, Kamal Ndousse, Amanda Askell, Anna Chen, Nova DasSarma, Dawn Drain, Stanislav Fort, Deep Ganguli, Tom Henighan, Nicholas Joseph, Saurav Kadavath, Jackson Kernion, Tom Conerly, Sheer El-Showk, Nelson Elhage, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Danny Hernandez, Tristan Hume, Scott Johnston, Shauna Kravec, Liane Lovitt, Neel Nanda, Catherine Olsson, Dario Amodei, Tom Brown, Jack Clark, Sam McCandlish, Chris Olah, Ben Mann, Jared Kaplan · 2022 4
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
 4 edges H 4 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
23 Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know 2207.05221 Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, Scott Johnston, Sheer El-Showk, Andy Jones, Nelson Elhage, Tristan Hume, Anna Chen, Yuntao Bai, Sam Bowman, Stanislav Fort, Deep Ganguli, Danny Hernandez, Josh Jacobson, Jackson Kernion, Shauna Kravec, Liane Lovitt, Kamal Ndousse, Catherine Olsson, Sam Ringer, Dario Amodei, Tom Brown, Jack Clark, Nicholas Joseph, Ben Mann, Sam McCandlish, Chris Olah, Jared Kaplan · 2022 4
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
 4 edges H 4 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
24 Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning 2303.11366 Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Edward Berman, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, Shunyu Yao · 2023 4
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
 4 edges H 4 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
25 BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance 2303.17564 Shijie Wu, Ozan Irsoy, Steven Lu, Vadim Dabravolski, Mark Dredze, Sebastian Gehrmann, Prabhanjan Kambadur, David Rosenberg, Gideon Mann · 2023 4
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
 4 edges H 3 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Uses as context: 3

Local Leaderboard

Overall Local Anchor Centrality

Included roles: conceptual_foundation, empirical_benchmark, main_comparison, methodological_foundation, review_anchor, theoretical_foundation, unknown

Rank Reference Distinct local sources Anchor roles Evidence
1 ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models 2210.03629 Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik Narasimhan, Yuan Cao · 2022 62
  • Conceptual foundation: 14
  • Main comparison: 6
  • Methodological foundation: 42
 62 edges H 60 · M 2 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 4
  • Builds on: 31
  • Compares with: 6
  • Extends: 5
  • Uses as context: 16
2 Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms 1707.06347 John Schulman, Filip Wolski, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alec Radford, Oleg Klimov · 2017 54
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Main comparison: 9
  • Methodological foundation: 44
 54 edges H 54 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 3
  • Builds on: 35
  • Compares with: 10
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 4
3 Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models 2201.11903 Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc Le, Denny Zhou · 2022 41
  • Conceptual foundation: 18
  • Main comparison: 2
  • Methodological foundation: 21
 41 edges H 39 · M 2 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 16
  • Compares with: 1
  • Extends: 13
  • Uses as context: 11
4 LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models 2106.09685 Edward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, Weizhu Chen · 2021 40
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Main comparison: 5
  • Methodological foundation: 34
 40 edges H 40 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 4
  • Builds on: 29
  • Compares with: 5
  • Extends: 2
5 Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model 2305.18290 Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Stefano Ermon, Christopher D. Manning, Chelsea Finn · 2023 36
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Main comparison: 9
  • Methodological foundation: 26
 36 edges H 36 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 16
  • Compares with: 5
  • Extends: 14
6 SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues? 2310.06770 Carlos E. Jimenez, John Yang, Alexander Wettig, Shunyu Yao, Kexin Pei, Ofir Press, Karthik Narasimhan · 2023 31
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Empirical benchmark: 1
  • Main comparison: 25
  • Methodological foundation: 2
  • Unknown: 2
 31 edges H 31 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 3
  • Compares with: 12
  • Extends: 8
  • Uses as context: 8
7 Language Models are Few-Shot Learners 2005.14165 Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, Dario Amodei · 2020 30
  • Conceptual foundation: 12
  • Empirical benchmark: 1
  • Main comparison: 9
  • Methodological foundation: 8
 30 edges H 30 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 11
  • Compares with: 8
  • Extends: 3
  • Uses as context: 8
8 Attention Is All You Need 1706.03762 Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin · 2017 29
  • Conceptual foundation: 3
  • Main comparison: 1
  • Methodological foundation: 24
  • Theoretical foundation: 1
 29 edges H 29 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 21
  • Compares with: 1
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 6
9 Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks 2005.11401 Patrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni, Vladimir Karpukhin, Naman Goyal, Heinrich K<U+00FC>ttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rockt<U+00E4>schel, Sebastian Riedel, Douwe Kiela · 2020 28
  • Conceptual foundation: 8
  • Main comparison: 5
  • Methodological foundation: 15
 28 edges H 28 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 12
  • Compares with: 5
  • Extends: 6
  • Uses as context: 5
10 Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback 2203.02155 Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, Ryan Lowe · 2022 26
  • Conceptual foundation: 5
  • Main comparison: 8
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 26 edges H 25 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 12
  • Compares with: 6
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 5
11 DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models 2402.03300 Zhihong Shao, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, Junxiao Song, Xiao Bi, Haowei Zhang, Mingchuan Zhang, Y. K. Li, Y. Wu, Daya Guo · 2024 26
  • Main comparison: 3
  • Methodological foundation: 23
 26 edges H 25 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 2
  • Builds on: 16
  • Compares with: 3
  • Extends: 5
12 Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer 1701.06538 Noam Shazeer, Azalia Mirhoseini, Krzysztof Maziarz, Andy Davis, Quoc Le, Geoffrey Hinton, Jeff Dean · 2017 24
  • Conceptual foundation: 11
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 24 edges H 23 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 18
  • Extends: 3
  • Uses as context: 3
13 Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network 1503.02531 Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, Jeff Dean · 2015 23
  • Conceptual foundation: 5
  • Methodological foundation: 18
 23 edges H 23 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 18
  • Extends: 2
  • Uses as context: 2
14 A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for the Financial Portfolio Management Problem 1706.10059 Zhengyao Jiang, Dixing Xu, Jinjun Liang · 2017 20
  • Conceptual foundation: 2
  • Main comparison: 10
  • Methodological foundation: 8
 20 edges H 20 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 6
  • Compares with: 4
  • Extends: 6
  • Uses as context: 4
15 BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding 1810.04805 Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova · 2018 20
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
  • Main comparison: 3
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 20 edges H 19 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 13
  • Compares with: 2
  • Extends: 3
  • Uses as context: 2
16 FinBERT: Financial Sentiment Analysis with Pre-trained Language Models 1908.10063 Dogu Araci · 2019 20
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Main comparison: 6
  • Methodological foundation: 13
 20 edges H 19 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 11
  • Compares with: 6
  • Uses as context: 3
17 AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation 2308.08155 Qingyun Wu, Gagan Bansal, Jieyu Zhang, Yiran Wu, Beibin Li, Erkang Zhu, Li Jiang, Xiaoyun Zhang, Shaokun Zhang, Jiale Liu, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Ryen W White, Doug Burger, Chi Wang · 2023 19
  • Conceptual foundation: 3
  • Main comparison: 7
  • Methodological foundation: 9
 19 edges H 19 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 6
  • Compares with: 6
  • Uses as context: 7
18 Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models 2001.08361 Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Dario Amodei · 2020 18
  • Conceptual foundation: 7
  • Main comparison: 1
  • Methodological foundation: 10
 18 edges H 18 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 7
  • Compares with: 2
  • Extends: 7
  • Uses as context: 2
19 Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models 2203.15556 Jordan Hoffmann, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Elena Buchatskaya, Trevor Cai, Eliza Rutherford, Diego de Las Casas, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Johannes Welbl, Aidan Clark, Tom Hennigan, Eric Noland, Katie Millican, George van den Driessche, Bogdan Damoc, Aurelia Guy, Simon Osindero, Karen Simonyan, Erich Elsen, Jack W. Rae, Oriol Vinyals, Laurent Sifre · 2022 16
  • Conceptual foundation: 2
  • Main comparison: 2
  • Methodological foundation: 11
  • Theoretical foundation: 1
 16 edges H 16 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 6
  • Compares with: 1
  • Extends: 5
  • Uses as context: 4
20 Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code 2107.03374 Mark Chen, Jerry Tworek, Heewoo Jun, Qiming Yuan, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto, Jared Kaplan, Harri Edwards, Yuri Burda, Nicholas Joseph, Greg Brockman, Alex Ray, Raul Puri, Gretchen Krueger, Michael Petrov, Heidy Khlaaf, Girish Sastry, Pamela Mishkin, Brooke Chan, Scott Gray, Nick Ryder, Mikhail Pavlov, Alethea Power, Lukasz Kaiser, Mohammad Bavarian, Clemens Winter, Philippe Tillet, Felipe Petroski Such, Dave Cummings, Matthias Plappert, Fotios Chantzis, Elizabeth Barnes, Ariel Herbert-Voss, William Hebgen Guss, Alex Nichol, Alex Paino, Nikolas Tezak, Jie Tang, Igor Babuschkin, Suchir Balaji, Shantanu Jain, William Saunders, Christopher Hesse, Andrew N. Carr, Jan Leike, Josh Achiam, Vedant Misra, Evan Morikawa, Alec Radford, Matthew Knight, Miles Brundage, Mira Murati, Katie Mayer, Peter Welinder, Bob McGrew, Dario Amodei, Sam McCandlish, Ilya Sutskever, Wojciech Zaremba · 2021 15
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Main comparison: 5
  • Methodological foundation: 9
 15 edges H 14 · M 1 · L 0
Relationships
  • Applies: 1
  • Builds on: 8
  • Compares with: 4
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 1
21 On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models 2108.07258 Rishi Bommasani, Drew A. Hudson, Ehsan Adeli, Russ Altman, Simran Arora, Sydney von Arx, Michael S. Bernstein, Jeannette Bohg, Antoine Bosselut, Emma Brunskill, Erik Brynjolfsson, Shyamal Buch, Dallas Card, Rodrigo Castellon, Niladri Chatterji, Annie Chen, Kathleen Creel, Jared Quincy Davis, Dora Demszky, Chris Donahue, Moussa Doumbouya, Esin Durmus, Stefano Ermon, John Etchemendy, Kawin Ethayarajh, Li Fei-Fei, Chelsea Finn, Trevor Gale, Lauren Gillespie, Karan Goel, Noah Goodman, Shelby Grossman, Neel Guha, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Peter Henderson, John Hewitt, Daniel E. Ho, Jenny Hong, Kyle Hsu, Jing Huang, Thomas Icard, Saahil Jain, Dan Jurafsky, Pratyusha Kalluri, Siddharth Karamcheti, Geoff Keeling, Fereshte Khani, Omar Khattab, Pang Wei Koh, Mark Krass, Ranjay Krishna, Rohith Kuditipudi, Ananya Kumar, Faisal Ladhak, Mina Lee, Tony Lee, Jure Leskovec, Isabelle Levent, Xiang Lisa Li, Xuechen Li, Tengyu Ma, Ali Malik, Christopher D. Manning, Suvir Mirchandani, Eric Mitchell, Zanele Munyikwa, Suraj Nair, Avanika Narayan, Deepak Narayanan, Ben Newman, Allen Nie, Juan Carlos Niebles, Hamed Nilforoshan, Julian Nyarko, Giray Ogut, Laurel Orr, Isabel Papadimitriou, Joon Sung Park, Chris Piech, Eva Portelance, Christopher Potts, Aditi Raghunathan, Rob Reich, Hongyu Ren, Frieda Rong, Yusuf Roohani, Camilo Ruiz, Jack Ryan, Christopher R<U+00E9>, Dorsa Sadigh, Shiori Sagawa, Keshav Santhanam, Andy Shih, Krishnan Srinivasan, Alex Tamkin, Rohan Taori, Armin W. Thomas, Florian Tram<U+00E8>r, Rose E. Wang, William Wang, Bohan Wu, Jiajun Wu, Yuhuai Wu, Sang Michael Xie, Michihiro Yasunaga, Jiaxuan You, Matei Zaharia, Michael Zhang, Tianyi Zhang, Xikun Zhang, Yuhui Zhang, Lucia Zheng, Kaitlyn Zhou, Percy Liang · 2021 14
  • Conceptual foundation: 13
  • Review anchor: 1
 14 edges H 14 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 1
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 12
22 SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering 2405.15793 John Yang, Carlos E. Jimenez, Alexander Wettig, Kilian Lieret, Shunyu Yao, Karthik Narasimhan, Ofir Press · 2024 14
  • Conceptual foundation: 2
  • Main comparison: 8
  • Methodological foundation: 4
 14 edges H 14 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 4
  • Compares with: 7
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 2
23 Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity 2101.03961 William Fedus, Barret Zoph, Noam Shazeer · 2021 13
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Main comparison: 10
  • Methodological foundation: 2
 13 edges H 13 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 4
  • Compares with: 7
  • Extends: 1
  • Uses as context: 1
24 Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems 2110.14168 Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, John Schulman · 2021 13
  • Conceptual foundation: 1
  • Empirical benchmark: 1
  • Main comparison: 6
  • Methodological foundation: 4
  • Review anchor: 1
 13 edges H 13 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 5
  • Compares with: 4
  • Uses as context: 4
25 Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning 2303.11366 Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Edward Berman, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, Shunyu Yao · 2023 13
  • Conceptual foundation: 4
  • Main comparison: 4
  • Methodological foundation: 5
 13 edges H 13 · M 0 · L 0
Relationships
  • Builds on: 5
  • Compares with: 3
  • Extends: 3
  • Uses as context: 2

Methodology

How to interpret this local evidence

Each board ranks references by distinct source-paper support in the local digest corpus. The thematic boards use anchor_role; the overall board includes every role. Titles and bibliographic metadata are hydrated only for displayed entries through thin-index locations.